Allergies in children are one of the most common chronic health problems. According to statistics, one in three children will develop some form of allergy during childhood. Early recognition of symptoms is critical for proper management. Allergies can manifest as food allergies, allergic rhinitis, asthma or skin reactions.
Common Allergens
The most common allergens in children include dust mites, pollen, pet hair, certain foods (milk, eggs, nuts, wheat) and insect bites. Food allergies appear more frequently in the early years of life. Introduction of new foods into your child's diet should be gradual, with monitoring for possible reactions.
Symptoms by Age Group
In infants, allergies usually manifest with skin symptoms such as eczema, hives or redness. Gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea) are also common after consuming allergenic food. In older children, allergic rhinitis (sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes) and allergic asthma (cough, shortness of breath, wheezing) are the most common manifestations. Symptoms may be seasonal or year-round.
Difference Between Allergy and Cold
Allergy and cold share common symptoms, but there are important differences. A cold is usually accompanied by fever and lasts 7-10 days, while allergic symptoms do not cause fever and can persist for weeks. Nasal discharge in allergies is usually clear, while in a cold it becomes thick and yellow-green.
Allergy Testing
Allergy diagnosis is made through skin tests (prick tests) or blood tests (IgE). Skin tests are quick, painless and give results in 15-20 minutes. They can be done on children from the age of 6 months. Treatment includes avoidance of allergens, medication and in some cases immunotherapy (allergy vaccines).
